They also denied that we can have knowledge of what the experiences of other people are like. They thought that we can know with certainty our immediate sense-experiences (for instance, that I am having a sweet sensation now) but can know nothing about the nature of the objects that cause these sensations (for instance, that the honey is sweet). They reduced logic to a basic doctrine concerning the criterion of truth. The Cyrenaics were known for their skeptical theory of knowledge. The school died out within a century, and was replaced by Epicureanism. Theodorus the Atheist was a latter exponent of hedonism who was a disciple of younger Aristippus, while becoming well known for expounding atheism. They did, however, recognize the value of social obligation, and that pleasure could be gained from altruism. Of these, physical ones are stronger than those of anticipation or memory. The Cyrenaics taught that the only intrinsic good is pleasure, which meant not just the absence of pain, but positively enjoyable momentary sensations. It was one of the earliest Socratic schools. The school was so called after Cyrene, the birthplace of Aristippus. The Cyrenaics were an ultra-hedonist Greek school of philosophy founded in the 4th century BC, supposedly by Aristippus of Cyrene, although many of the principles of the school are believed to have been formalized by his grandson of the same name, Aristippus the Younger. The following is a song attributed to the reign of one of the pharaohs around the time of the 12th dynasty, and the text was used in the eighteenth and nineteenth dynasties. Scenes of a harper entertaining guests at a feast were common in ancient Egyptian tombs (see Harper's Songs), and sometimes contained hedonistic elements, calling guests to submit to pleasure because they cannot be sure that they will be rewarded for good with a blissful afterlife.

Dance and make music day and night These things alone are the concern of men.' This may represent the first recorded advocacy of a hedonistic philosophy. In the original Old Babylonian version of the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was written soon after the invention of writing, Siduri gave the following advice: 'Fill your belly.

History of development Sumerian civilization An extremely strong aversion to hedonism is hedonophobia. The name derives from the Greek word for 'delight' ( ἡδονισμός hēdonismos from ἡδονή hēdonē 'pleasure', cognate via Proto-Indo-European swéh₂dus through Ancient Greek ἡδύς with English sweet + suffix -ισμός -ismos ' ism').

2.10.3 Hedonism as a scientific basis for long-term future forecasting.

Ethical hedonism